Error: API requests are being delayed for this account. New posts will not be retrieved.
There may be an issue with the Instagram access token that you are using. Your server might also be unable to connect to Instagram at this time.
Error: API requests are being delayed for this account. New posts will not be retrieved.
There may be an issue with the Instagram access token that you are using. Your server might also be unable to connect to Instagram at this time.
Error: API requests are being delayed for this account. New posts will not be retrieved.
There may be an issue with the Instagram access token that you are using. Your server might also be unable to connect to Instagram at this time.
Amaia Sánchez-Velasco, Jorge Valiente, Gonzalo valiente
Since the end of the Korean War in 1953, South Korea has faced permanent diplomatic pressure because of intricate relations with its neighbours, China and North Korea. In the aftermath of the war, a rural exodus prompted the exponential growth of its capital city. Nowadays, Seoul is a global metropolis, but because of the country’s geographical and geopolitical confinement, it has struggled to expand both its urban fabric and its productive hinterland. As a consequence, South Korea has shifted its geopolitical agenda to focus on the oceans. This has not been in vain—the country has rapidly and strategically spread a myriad of maritime productive facilities such as artificial reefs, sea ranches, and marine forests, thus giving form to the nation’s obsession of
becoming a twenty-first-century maritime pioneer. An archipelago of artificial reefs extends the city into the seabed and expands the country’s urban condition beyond the coastline in the form of a nature-culture continuum. These invisible structures host marine life and are designed to progressively degrade. Beyond their infrastructural role, they also perform as cultural, geopolitical, and architectural artefacts, organizing both human and nonhuman bodies under selective conservation, mass production, and defence premises across multiple scales.